Present Perfect Tense

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DEFINITION OF PRESENT PERFECT

Present perfect tense refers to an event that started in the past and the impact of the event is now continuing (or a long-running event that started in the past but still continue to the present). This tense is used to express actions completed recent past. In this tense, it is important whether the event occured or not. The result of the event is important, not the time of the event.

OBSERVING

Look at the pictures below.

Picture 1

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Picture 2

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Are you bored? Try to watch the following video then observe and learn.

GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE OF PERFECT TENSE

The formula for present perfect is:

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The present perfect of any verb is composed of two elements. The first element is have or has, depending on the subject the verb is conjugated with. The second element is past participle of the verb, which is usually formed by adding -ed or -d to the base form of the verb (e.g., walked, cleaned, typed, jumped, and laughed) or a few verbs that have irregular past participle (e.g., done, said, gone, known, won, thought, felt, eaten).

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The events or activities that can be expressed with this tense are to state or express an event or activity that is currently completed or has been completed regardless of when it occurred. Then to state or express an event or activity that began in the past and still continuing.

Then, then adverb of time or time signals that are usually used in the simple future tense include:

Adverb of Time
Already	Sudah
Just	Baru saja
Not...yet	Belum...sampai saat ini
For	Selama
Since	Sejak
This week/month/year	Minggu ini/bulan ini/tahun ini
Once, twice, many times	Satu kali, dua kali, berkali-kali
Never, ever	Tidak pernah, pernah
Lately, recently	Akhir-akhir ini, baru-baru ini

For and Since with Present Perfect tense

We often use for and since with present perfect tense:

We use for to talk about a period of time: five minutes, two weeks, six years.
We use since to talk about a point in past time: 9 o'clock, 1st January, Monday.

for	since
a period of time	a point in past time
- - - - - - - - - - - -	- • - - - - - - - - - -
20 minutes	6.15pm
three days	Monday
6 months	January
4 years	1994
2 centuries	1800
a long time	I left school
ever	the beginning of time
etc.	etc.

For and Since with Present Perfect tense

We often use the adverb ever to talk about experience up to the present:

My last birthday was the worst day I have ever had.

and we use never for the negative form:

Have you ever met Ryan?
Yes, but I've never met his brother.

The following video can help you understand more about present perfect tense.

THE FUNCTION OF PRESENT PERFECT

The Present perfect is used:

⏩To express things you have done in your life

Examples:

I have been to England.
She has never studied Japanese.

⏩To express actions during a period that has not yet finished.

Example:

She has been to the cinema twice this week (= and the week isn't over yet.)

⏩To express the number of times you have done something

Examples:

I have been to Paris three times.
How many times have you tried to call her?

⏩To describe recently completed actions which are important now

Examples:

I have some bad news. I have lost my job recently (just; only just; recently).
I can’t play football tonight – I have just hurt my leg.

⏩To express situations that started in the past and continues in the present

Examples:

I have known James for 4 or 5 years.
She has been the director of that company since 2007.

⏩To describe unfinished actions or situations

Examples:

I have known Julie for ten years. (I met her ten years ago and I still know her)
We have lived here since 2004.

⏩To express the present result (the time is not important, but the effect of the action is still important now)

Examples:

I have lost my keys.
John has missed the bus, so he’ll be late.

Look at the following pictures to help you more.

Connection with past: the event was in the past.

Connection with present: in my head, now, I have a memory of the event; I know something about the event; I have experience of it.

Connection with past: the past is the opposite of the present.

Connection with present: the present is the opposite of the past.

Connection with past: the situation started in the past.

Connection with present: the situation continues in the present.

LIST OF PAST PARTICIPLE VERB (V3)

⏩ Regular Verbs

Base form	Past participle	Translation
accept	accepted	menerima
act	acted	bertindak
achieve	achieved	meraih
add	added	menambahkan
admire	admired	mengagumi
admit	admitted	mengakui
adopt	adopted	mengambil
advise	advised	menasihati
agree	agreed	setuju
allow	allowed	mengizinkan
announce	announced	mengumumkan
appreciate	appreciated	menghargai
approve	approved	menyetujui
argue	argued	membantah
arrive	arrived	tiba
ask	asked	bertanya
assist	assisted	membantu
attack	attacked	menyerang
bake	baked	memanggang
beg	begged	meminta
behave	behaved	berperilaku baik
boil	boiled	mendidihkan
borrow	borrowed	meminjam
brush	brushed	menyikat
bury	buried	mengubur
call	called	panggilan
challenge	challenged	tantangan
change	changed	mengubah
chase	chased	mengejar
cheat	cheated	curang
cheer	cheered	bersorak
chew	chewed	mengunyah
clap	clapped	tepuk
clean	cleaned	membersihkan
collect	collected	mengumpulkan
compare	compared	membandingkan
complain	complained	mengeluh
confess	confessed	mengakui
construct	constructed	membangun
control	controlled	kontrol
copy	copied	menyalin
count	counted	menghitung
create	created	membuat
cry	cried	menangis
cycle	cycled	siklus
damage	damaged	merusak
dance	danced	menari
deliver	delivered	mengirim
destroy	destroyed	menghancurkan
divide	divided	membagi
drag	dragged	menyeret
earn	earned	menghasilkan
employ	employed	mempekerjakan
encourage	encouraged	mendorong
enjoy	enjoyed	menikmati
establish	established	mendirikan
estimate	estimated	memperkirakan
exercise	exercised	latihan
expand	expanded	mengembangkan
explain	explained	menjelaskan
fry	fried	menggoreng
gather	gathered	mengumpulkan
greet	greeted	menyapa
guess	guessed	menebak
harass	harassed	mengganggu
hate	hated	membenci
help	helped	membantu
hope	hoped	berharap
identify	identified	mengenali
interrupt	interrupted	mengganggu
introduce	introduced	memperkenalkan
irritate	irritated	mengganggu
joke	joked	bergurau
jump	jumped	melompat
kick	kicked	menendang
kill	killed	membunuh
laugh	laughed	tertawa
lie	lied	berbohong
like	liked	suka
listen	listened	mendengarkan
love	loved	menyayangi
marry	married	menikah
measure	measured	mengukur
move	moved	bergerak
murder	murdered	pembunuhan
need	needed	membutuhkan
obey	obeyed	mematuhi
offend	offended	menyinggung
offer	offered	menawarkan
open	opened	membuka
paint	painted	melukis, mengecat
park	parked	memarkir
phone	phoned	menelepon
pick	picked	memilih
play	played	bermain
pray	prayed	berdoa
print	printed	mencetak
pull	pulled	menarik
punch	punched	memukul
punish	punished	menghukum
purchase	purchased	membeli
push	pushed	mendorong
question	questioned	menanyai
race	raced	balapan
relax	relaxed	bersantai
remember	remembered	mengingat
reply	replied	membalas
retire	retired	pensiun
return	returned	kembali
rub	rubbed	menggosok
scold	scolded	memarahi
select	selected	memilih
smoke	smoked	merokok
snore	snored	mendengkur
stare	stared	menatap
start	started	memulai
study	studied	belajar
talk	talked	bicara
thank	thanked	berterima kasih
travel	travelled	bepergian
trouble	troubled	bermasalah
type	typed	mengetik
use	used	menggunakan
visit	visited	mengunjungi
wait	waited	menunggu
walk	walked	berjalan
want	wanted	mau
warn	warned	memperingatkan
wink	winked	mengedip
worry	worried	khawatir
yell	yelled	berteriak

⏩ Irregular Verbs

Base form	Past participle	Translation
arise	arisen	bangun
awake	awoken	menyadari
be	been	ada
bear	born	melahirkan
beat	beaten	memukul
become	become	menjadi
begin	begun	mulai
bend	bent	membengkokkan
bet	bet	bertaruh
bite	bitten	menggigit
bleed	bled	berdarah
blow	blown	meniup
break	broken	merusak
bring	brought	membawa
build	built	membangun
buy	bought	membeli
burn	burned/burnt	membakar
catch	caught	menangkap
choose	chosen	memilih
come	come	datang
cost	cost	seharga
cut	cut	memotong
dig	dug	menggali
do	done	melakukan
draw	drawn	menggambar
dream	dreamed/dreamt	mimpi
drink	drunk	minum
drive	driven	menyetir
eat	eaten	makan
fall	fallen	jatuh
feed	fed	memberi makan
feel	felt	merasa
fight	fought	berkelahi
find	found	menemukan
fly	flown	terbang
forbid	forbidden	melarang
forget	forgotten	lupa
forgive	forgiven	memaafkan
freeze	frozen	membeku
get	got/gotten	mendapat
give	given	memberi
go	gone	pergi
grow	grown	tumbuh
have	had	memiliki
hang	hung	menggantung
hear	heard	mendengar
hide	hidden	bersembunyi
hit	hit	memukul
hold	held	memegang
hurt	hurt	melukai
keep	kept	menyimpan
know	known	tahu
lay	laid	meletakkan
leave	left	meninggalkan
lead	led	memimpin
learn	learnt	belajar
lend	lent	meminjami
let	let	membiarkan
lie	lain	berbohong
lose	lost	kehilangan
make	made	membuat
mean	meant	bermaksud, berarti
meet	met	bertemu
pay	paid	membayar
put	put	menaruh
read	read	membaca
ride	ridden	mengendarai
ring	rung	berdering
run	run	lari
say	said	mengatakan
see	seen	melihat
sell	sold	menjual
send	sent	mengirim
shoot	shot	menembak
show	shown	menunjukkan
shut	shut	menutup
sing	sung	menyanyi
set	set	menata, mengatur
sit	sat	duduk
sleep	slept	tidur
speak	spoken	berbicara
spend	spent	membelanjakan
stand	stood	berdiri
steal	stolen	mencuri
swim	swum	berenang
sweep	swept	menyapu
take	taken	mengambil
teach	taught	mengajar
tear	torn	merobek
tell	told	memberi tahu
think	thought	berpikir
throw	thrown	melempar
understand	understood	memahami
wake	woken	bangun
wear	worn	memakai
win	won	menang
write	written	menulis

EXAMPLE OF PRESENT PERFECT SENTENCES

The following are examples of sentences using present perfect.

📌 present perfect tense positive:

👉I have eaten this kind of pizza for 2 years. (Aku sudah memakan pizza jenis ini selama 2 tahun).

👉I have just bought that shoes. (Aku baru saja membeli sepatu itu).

👉She has finished her exam. (Dia telah menyelesaikan ujiannya).

👉That fighters have fought for an hour. (Para petarung telah bertanding selama satu jam).

👉Indra has been my closest friend since high school. (Indra telah menjadi teman terdekatku sejak SMA).

👉This room has been my favorite place. (Ruangan ini telah menjadi tempat favoritku).

👉Antonio has been absent from class since he got hospitalized last week. (Antonio telah absen dari kelas sejak dia dirawat di rumah sakit minggu lalu).

👉My sister has been home since last year. (Saudariku sudah di rumah sejak setahun yang lalu).

👉Claudia has paid her tuition. (Claudia telah membayar uang sekolahnya).

👉That brother and sister have been through a lot. (Kakak beradik itu telah mengalami banyak hal).

👉I have changed my mind. (Aku telah mengubah pemikiranku).

📌 present perfect tense negative:

👉I have not eaten this kind of pizza for 2 years. (Aku belum memakan pizza jenis ini selama 2 tahun).

👉I have not bought that shoes. (Aku belum membeli sepatu itu).

👉She has not finished her exam. (Dia belum menyelesaikan ujiannya).

👉That fighters have not fought for an hour. (Para petarung belum bertanding selama satu jam).

👉Indra has not been my closest friend since high school. (Indra bukan teman terdekatku sejak SMA).

👉This room has not been my favorite place. (Ruangan ini belum menjadi tempat favoritku).

👉Antonio has not been absent from class since the first meeting. (Antonio telah absen dari kelas sejak pertemuan pertama).

👉My sister has not been home since last year. (Saudariku tidak di rumah sejak setahun yang lalu / Saudariku belum pulang sejak tahun lalu).

👉Claudia has not paid her tuition. (Claudia belum membayar uang sekolahnya).

👉That brother and sister have not fought recently. (Kakak beradik itu tidak bertengkar baru-baru ini).

👉I have not changed my mind. (Aku tidak berubah pikiran).

📌 present perfect tense interrogative

👉Have you eaten this kind of pizza for 2 years? (Aku belum memakan pizza jenis ini selama 2 tahun?)

👉Have you bought that shoes? (Aku belum membeli sepatu itu?)

👉Has she finished her exam? (Dia belum menyelesaikan ujiannya?)

👉Have they fought for an hour? (Apakah mereka bertarung selama satu jam?)

👉Has Indra been your closest friend since high school? (Apakah Indra adalah teman terdekatmu sejak SMA?)

👉Has it been your favorite place? (Apakah itu tempat favoritmu?)

👉Has Antonio been absent from class since the first meeting?(Apakah Antonio tidak masuk kelas sejak pertemuan pertama?)

👉Has my sister been home since last year? (Apakah saudariku sudah di rumah sejak tahun lalu?)

👉Has Claudia paid her tuition? (Apakah Claudia sudah membayar uang sekolahnya?)

👉Have they fought recently? (Apakah mereka bertengkar baru-baru ini?)

👉Have you changed your mind? (Apakah kamu berubah pikiran?)

Watch the following video and you can practice through the song in the video.

Do you like watching movies and cartoons? Well, you can also learn the use of the simple future tense through cutscenes from the following films and cartoons. Watch and find the present perfect tense.